111.烏龍茶の父J.Doddが見た淡水攻撃 その6 最終回
           1885年(明治18)1月1日〜7月19日

1885/1/1
天気が変わりまた暖かくなった。温度計は64度。
誰もがHappyに見えようとするが不可能だ。手紙が配達されるまではHappyにはなれない。
     イギリス人は意固地だというが確かに・・・
なんて小さな、だけど悲惨な戦争なのだ。
2度の砲撃は不首尾だったし、その後3ヶ月は動きがない。
英国砲艦への郵便のうちいくらかは好意で届けられることもある。
しかしその他はフランスのせいで届けられることはない。
清とフランスの間で宣戦布告していないにもかかわらず、フランス艦が中立の英国の郵便を
止めることが認められのは奇妙なことだ。
香港の英国人がフランスに示す丁重さcourtesyは、我々の見るところ、フランスが台湾在住英国人に示す態度に影響extendしているようだ。
フランスは手紙を止める権利がないことは疑いがない。なのにどうして小数の中立人にその権利を執行するのか?
大陸と台湾島との間の通信はずっとジャンクで行われていると思う。
ジャンクは北や大陸から台湾西岸へ継続的に郵便を届けていると理解している。
清人はこの古くからのルートで郵便を届け、政府や郵便会社を信用する外国商人はどうにもならないのだ。
港の外の船が昨夜出発し、今日午後に戻ってきた。1隻のジャンクを引いて。
現在は5隻の軍艦がいる。
1885/1/2
再び冷たくて強い風が吹いているが雨はない。
今日、別のジャンクが拿捕され港の北方へ曳航された。
昨日拿捕されたジャンクはマストを折られ基隆へ引かれていった。
台湾府(台南)から26日までの手紙の伝令が到着した。
1885/1/3
晴天だが川には強い風が吹いている。
クリスマスと新年の催しは済み、すべて沈滞しているようだ。
もし、我々が撃たれてからのみ銃を持つのを認められているなら
あるいは砂丘を越えていくのを認められているなら、人生はそれほど退屈ではないだろう。
If we were only allowed to take our guns after snipe, or to take a gallop across the downs,
life would not be quite so dreary.
まだ4隻が港外にいる。昨日拿捕されたジャンクのうちの1隻はマストが折れたま南方のNamkau岬のほうへ曳航された。
ジャンク乗組員は基隆へ連れて行かれて道路建設に働かされると清人が言っていた。
1885/1/4
Fine, bright, coid day. Two out of the four ships outside left, but one returned later on. In the afternoon two French vessels were seen at sea, steaming for the south. A heavy musketry fire was heard on the south side of the river ; turned out to be a body of Chinese soldiers drilling. They appear to have a few field pieces and to know how to use them.
1885/1/5
晴れて暖かい。港外には3隻。
昨日ジャンクを連れていったらしい艦が午後に戻ってきた。
The blockade runners seem to be having a bad time of it just now. 孫将軍は萬華平野に建設中の台北府から戻った。
将軍は川上で長い休みをとっていたのだ。
平野にはいくつかの土塁が作られたらしい。
1885/1/6
今日のフランス艦の動きはわけのわからないものだった。
複数のジャンクに続いて2隻が航海に出て、別の1隻が基隆からやってきた。
そのあと、2隻が南からやってきて、基隆に向かった。
その後、2艘の不運なジャンクを引いて1艦が戻ってきた。
午後になって、Galissoniere乗員は海に浮かべた目標にライフル射撃訓練を行った。
1885/1/7
強い雨。今朝は港外に4隻いる。
1隻が2艘のジャンクを引いて基隆に向かったようだ。
1885/1/8
Mne; bright day ;. bit of a bar on-. 今日は3隻だけが見える。午後、外人居住区の近くの丘で爆発音がした。
また別の好奇心の例であり、当然の結果となる。
2人の清人が好奇心から10インチ砲弾を開き中の火薬を取り出そうとしたのだ。
弾頭が突然に爆発し、1人の足を吹き飛ばし、体をズタズタにし、もちろん死んだ。
もう1人は命は助かったがひどい火傷を負った。
砲撃開始から同じことが4度もおこり、その内の1件では4人が死んでいる。
不発弾はどこにでもあり、それで死んだ清人は最初の砲撃で死んだ数と同じくらいだ。
1885/1/9,10
Three ships outside ; blowing ; no occurrence.
1885/1/11
Bright, warm. day. A. ship- arrived from the north, making four ships outside.
1885/1/12
Blowing ; misty to seaward. A cruiser, arrived from Takao, reported that the Triompliante and another vessel were off Anping, Chinese report fighting at Wan Wan on the 10th. Eight Frenchmen killed; Chinese loss variously estimated. Reports from Wan Wan are not trustworthy.
1885/1/13
Five ships outside; blowing half a gale; much rain.
1885/1/14
Bleak, cold day, with drizzling rain ; proper Tamsui weather at this time of year. Four ships outside, scarcely visible for mist or rain.
1885/1/15
Very cold morning. Therm, at noon 54deg. Big sea outside ; ships, rolling heavily. A regular wintry sort of day.
1885/1/17
暖かい晴天。D' Estaingともう1隻Vipereのような艦が到着したがすぐに基隆に戻った。
台湾府からの伝令がまもなく手紙が配達されるとの知らせをもってきた。
次の英軍艦の到着時に届くと。
素晴らしいニュースで、とても本当とは思えないくらい。
清は10日にWanWan近くの戦いでフランス軍から1艘のカヌーを分捕ったとのこと。
WanWanの別のニュースではフランス軍が小船を並べて橋を素早く作ったらしが、本当かどうか不明。
劉明傳が本隊を置く萬華平野へ続く道路を占領するには、そこに橋を作るのが必要だろう。
1885/1/18
湿った朝。午後には北東風が吹き雨を伴った。
霧のためフランス艦が見えない。 季節風が8時まで吹いた。
1885/1/19
寒いけれども晴れており、温度計は日陰で57度。
港外には3隻だけがおり、午後に D'Estainらしい船が戻ってきた。
台湾府からの別の伝令の報告では、台湾府は非常に静かだと。
1885/1/20,21
よい天気。大変興奮したのは、やって来た船がChampionらしいことだった。
Ah me! だが、結局フランス艦だとわかった。
港外には3隻だけか? 清が言うには、フランスの援軍は基隆にやってきており、合計4000人以上になると。

1885/1/22
またよい天気ではあるが夕方には悪くなりそうだ。There is a story emanating from. the old " un- reliable source " that our mails are to be landed, but^ that no letters for foreigners in Customs employ will be- delivered. Nous verrons! Anothercourier in from the- southi reporting, that the Fiiench had been destroying a, lot of junks down that way.
1885/1/23,24
Dull; cloudy weather, high barometer, threatening^ ajiorth-easter. News from Kelung r rather Wan Wan,, to the effect that the French had not passed the- " Ru-bicon " or- rather the "Wan Wan?" rapids and. were not on the high road toth&Banca plain, but: that Wan Wan: was in their possession
1885/1/25
穏やかな朝だが曇っていて雨。沖には1隻の砲艦がいる。
10 a.m.頃にそれが英国砲艦Swiftとわかった。
         1879年進水 770tonの新鋭艦ですがフランス艦5000tonには貧弱
she was. made out to be- the English gunboat Stvift. ボートが岸まで手紙をもってやってきたが、台湾府ではOKでもここで陸揚げをフランスが認めると思えない。
手紙を受け取れないのは失望だったし、物資が手に入らないのも同様だった。
物資はアモイで拒否されていると信じている。Cockchaferへの物資を除いて。
こんなことが永遠に続くのか?もしそうなら、海峡を渡って艦を派遣して我々をすぐに連れていってほしい。
もし台湾を第2のマダガスカルのようにするならここに留まる必要はない。
         19世紀マダガスカル王国が衰退すると英国とフランスが植民地化を争い
         結局フランスが王国を滅ぼし全島を植民地化したことを指す。

今日、1人の英国紳士がSwift艦長に乗艦を求めたが拒否された。
もし我々が島を出たいと思っても、英国軍艦が世話をすることを期待できないのだ。
本当にその必要がある時に一体どうすればよいのだ?
ここでの我々の地位はもう耐えられない。
and we cannot expect it to be bettered unless English naval vessels visiting the place
are given to understand that it is their duty to render assistance in every way to English residents in Tamsui,
as well as the officers and crew of the Cockchafer.
   英国軍艦がここにやってきて在住英国民にCockchafer乗員へと同様の援助を
   行う義務があると英国が理解しなければ、我々は助からない。
        英国あるいは英国海軍は台湾在住英国人を助けてフランスと戦争になることを恐れた
        というよりも、清仏戦争の行方を見通していたのではないでしょうか?
        どうせ清が勝つなら、第3者に徹するほうがよいと。
        フランス軍は基隆上陸部隊をこの月に4000人に増強したが
        清軍は25000人に達していた。このことを当然イギリスは
        知っていたはず。


1885/1/26
There was a bit of a sea on the bar this morning, but the launch with the mails got out safely, but was unable to go alongside the Stoift on account of the lumpy sea. Soon after 10 a.m. the Swift was seen steaming for the south again. The Duguay-Trouin arrived, making three ships outside. The Bwift brought on no "mail," and very few stores for the Cockchafer s crew, so that every one will be extra short of everything for another month or so. Fortunately for every one an enterprising Chinese store- keeper managed to get across some flour which will keep us going for a few weeks, but the price asked is high, $4 per bag ,- regular famine rates are ruling now. The same individual got over a few piculs of potatoes and demands $7.20 per picul for them. Kerosine oil has jumped up from say, $2 to $5 per case. CaBdles can't be got. Matches have gone up 100 per cent. Fowls and almost all articles of food are 30 to 40 per cent, dearer than they were a few months back.
1885/1/27-30
past few days anything but an agreeable time of it. There is very little doubt from the rumours received from Kelung that fighting of more than an ordinary kind has taken place during the past seven or eight days, and that the French have had the best of it. General Soon went up the river five or six days ago, and left for the front with more troops to support the Militia and Hill- men who have been carrying on a sort of guerilla war in the hills in the neighbourhood of Wan Wan, and Niakah or Liangkah for the past month or two. Soldiers from the Tamsui garrison have been sent to the scene of operations, and such is the consternation at head-quarters that liu Ming-chuan is reported to have despatched orders to Chang-wha city, a walled town 70 miles to the south of Tamsui (situated almost in N. lat. 24), for reinforcements. Rumour states that more Prench troops have ar- rived at Kelung, and that the total number must be five thousand, if not six thousand, of all kinds. Chinese report that the French troops advancing in the direction of Wan (called often " Luan Luan ") are small men, very dark complexioned, and very smart on their pins. In one of the last skirmishes it is said these dark soldiers did not remove the bodies of their comrades who were killed ; so that they could not be Frenchmen, it was thought ! A few days ago, a report came down the river that two foreigners had tnrned up at T'ai-peh-fu, the new city, close to Twatutia. They had come up overland from south, having been landed somewhere on the coast.
1885/1/31
他にもWanWanからの噂がある。 戦いは毎日続いている。
雨は Hillmenには良くない、雨水が銃身を流れ、火皿に溜まり、火薬を湿らせる。
体に巻きつけている火縄も雨に晒されている。多くの武器が肝心の時に使えないのだ。
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1885/4/10
Beautiful day. The stone and bamboo bridge right across the entrance from Sand Point, to the Spit running out into the river the other side of the Pilot Village appears complete now, and this has been erected under the very eyes of the French ships. It is not giving information to the French, for they could not help seeing this work going on, as well as others which it is not our business to point out. The river being, spanned now by a bridge, if you may call it so, lessens the chance of a speedy release from the prison life we are leading. No news from Kelung. A gunboat passed the port to-day steering southward. If the French have taken Langson and have taken the Pes- cadores, and have destroyed two more Chinese men-of- war, as is reported J if, moreover, as late papers (27th February, Hongkong) report that reinforcements are near at hand, then in the next week or two we ought to expect to witness another navail display here on a larger scale than heretofore. If there is to be more fight- ing, let it come quickly. The Chinese will stand, we believe, and there will be a terrible slaughter. Life is too short ; to shake hands and be friends would be far better. All foreigners well here.
1885/4/12
よい天気だが暑い。気温78度 気圧30.50
Duguay-Trouinが名前のわからない船を連れてきた。

1885/4/13
また晴れ。H.M.S.Serapisと同じくらい大きな兵員船が基隆めざして港を過ぎていった。
デッキは人でいっぱいだ。
基隆からの報告では、11日土曜日には9隻おり、Courbet提督は馬公から戻ってきて
非戦闘員の市民は基隆に戻るよう通知したと。
次の報告は清からのもので、2隻の小型船が今朝到着し、さらに2隻が北方にいるらしい。
午後、雷鳴がなり、嵐が吹いた。気温81度、気圧30.40
嵐は夕刻に激しくなり雨は一晩中降った。
Duguay-Trouinと交代した艦は姿を消した。1隻のフランス砲艦が南方へ行くのが見えた。
清が言うにはSwatowとAmoyが封鎖されたと。

1885/4/14
朝、雨が降り北東の風が吹いている。昼には晴れた。
港外には2隻の小型艦が投錨している。
There is a bar on today.
清の報告ではフランス艦隊は基隆に兵を乗艦させており
そして通信線を積載し港を離れる準備をしていると。
これは公式なようであり落ち着いているので本当らしい。
次の回覧では彼ら(領事)はどう言うのだろう?
1885/4/15
晴天だが嵐の後で寒い。日陰で72度。
砲艦Swiftがいたのが1ヶ月前で、注意深く戻ってきた。
台湾府からの陸路のニュースが本当なら、ロシアは英国Englandの要求によりアフガニスタンから撤兵したと。
      ロシアは100年前にもやらかしてました
また、英国砲艦1隻が再び台湾を訪れるかもと。
前回Swiftの持ってきた物資は極めて少なく、小麦粉はもうあと少ししかなく
タバコは吸い尽くした。食べ物は十分あるが、健康のためにはお茶や蒸留水以上のものが必要だ。
                    酒がほしいということ
1885/4/16
昨日の午後、港をめざす商船1隻を見た。後にHailoongと判明した。
Hailoongが淡水にやってくるのは何を意味するのか?
豚肉の値段は上下し、何かが起こっている!
  原文Pigs must have declined or advanced in price どこからの引用なのでしょう?
港長の鷹の目は望遠鏡でHailoongを覗きながら、"旗が何か知らせている"と呟いた。何と言っているんだ?
本当にそうなのか? yes; no! yes!
There is no doubt about it---the signal is, is, ---(oh ! it is too much of a good thing)---oh dear ! hold me up ! gently now !
Say it again ! " The blockade is raised " !
もう一度言ってくれ! ”封鎖は解除された”
喜びの叫びが空気を震わし、Cockchaferの甲板に上がり
信号員に会った。あんたどう言ったんだ? Tom Bowlingの答えは
    "Avast there! Splice the main brace ! Yo ho, lads, ho !
        メインブレースを固定すると舟の帆を回すことができない
        つまり戦闘しないということになるが・・・
        望遠鏡でそこまで見えるか?

    By the soul of Nelson, I swear the signal runs :
        Nelsonはトラファルガー海戦でフランス・スペイン連合艦隊を破った伝説の提督
   " The blockade is raised ! "
Hurrah ! hip, hip, hurrah ! Pipe all hands and let us be merry !
Every one echoed let's to the tune of " God save our Gracious Queen ! "
この時点での大英帝国はビクトリア女王
こんな幸せな気分は何ヶ月も味わったことがない。封鎖解除の意味が今わかった。
メインブレースは固定されまま(であってほしい)
Hailoongはいつものやりかたでやってきて舷側から1発を撃った。
小型艦の南側に投錨を命じられ、乗船するためのボートが見えた。
      この小型艦はフランスのもの
" Rule Britannia,"と言うまもなく南に向けて出航した。
アッという間もなく
ニュースはフランスにとっても同様で、HailoongはCourbet提督に面会のため南方の馬公に向かったらしい。
今朝フランス艦が南からやってきて、Cockchaferの士官が出かけてMagonに乗艦した。
                                   Magonは艦名
Courbet提督から領事とBoteler艦長への手紙が渡された。
次の通知が在住者に回覧された。
              Copy.
              H.B.M.'s Consulate,
              Tamsui, 16th April, 1885.
台湾封鎖に関して次の通知をCourbet提督より受け取った。
                      (Sd.) A. Frater, Officiating Consul
          " Notification de leve`e de Blocus.
Nous soussigne Vice Admiral Courbet, Commandant en chef les
forces Navales Francaises dans l'extreme Orient. Vu les prelimmaires
de paix portant armistices, qui viennent d'etre signes a Paris.
              Declarons.
Le Blocus de la cote et de Porta de Formose est leve.
A bord du Bayard.
Port Makung, le 15 Avril, 1855.
                      (Sd.) COURBET.
          封鎖解除通知
     フランス極東艦隊司令官Courbet提督は
     パリで署名された休戦文書が届きこれを確認した。
              声明
     台湾沿岸および港湾の封鎖は解除する。
     馬公の戦艦Bayardにて
                      (署名) クルベ

      領事は何の注釈もつけず、フランス語の通知文をそのまま回覧している。

1隻の兵員輸送船が南方へ通過し、2隻の小型艦が夕方に姿を消した。
Hoo ray !
清政府は休戦を通知されていたが、孫将軍は指示を待つしかなかった。
Cockchaferは急ぎ出航しようとしたが、今日には準備ができなかった。
政府(清以外も)はニュースを咀嚼する必要があったのだ。
清政府高官が Namoa(艦名)では県されてくるだろう。
それから防護柵が取り除かれ、我々は再び外部と結ばれるのだ。
まだ我々のまわりには鎖(比喩)があるが間もなくシャックルは壊され、我々は自由になる。
この短い単語" free! "にどれだけ深い意味があることだろう。
事件はほぼ終り、今やフランス艦隊はいなくなったが、状況が静まり貿易が始まるまで、我々は待つ。
それから、ペンを置いて日常が始まるだろう。
少なくともあと10年は在住英国人がフランス人にかき乱されることなく平和であってほしいものだ。
      かき乱すのはフランス人ではなく日本人だったが・・・
      でも、どうしてあと10年next decade at least と言ったのだろう?
      極東の状況が不安定なことを指すのか、Dodd自身のことを指すのか
      結局Doddは5年後1890年にスコットランドに帰ってしまいます。

彼らフランス人はこの台湾事業(貿易だけでなく)に恐ろしいメスを入れてしまった、それは誰も否定できない!
      恐ろしいメスmost frightful mess とはどういうことなのでしょうか?
      清仏戦争の結果、大陸・台湾でのフランスの影響力は低下します。
      単純に考えれば、英米ロシアがせめぎあいをすることになり(日本はこの時点では格下)
      英国商人にとってはよい結果になったはずなのに。
      私の妄想ですが、Jardine Matheson商会がアヘン貿易から手を引くのはこの頃で
      清だけでなく世界各地で搾取被害に目覚めだし、ウマイ汁を吸えなくなるのを感じていたのでは?
      DoddはJardine Mathesonの台湾代理商であり、世の中の動きを素早く掴む立場にあったからです。

1885/4/17
Cockchaferが蒸気を上げるきざしは見えない。
孫将軍はまだ港を開いていない。指示はフランスではなく清政府から来るべきものだから。
Courbet提督の文書は彼に伝えられており、フランス艦隊はすでに出航している。
フランス提督が封鎖をし、今はその解除をした。 "Le blocus de la cote^et dc ports de Formose est leve," これ以上明確なことがあるか?
赤い帯は英国政府の独占monopolyを指すと我々は考えている。
今や、清が Red-Tapeism過剰規制主義の生まれ故郷で、それが西方に伝わったものと信じるようになった。
      Red Tape とか Red Tapeism でググってみてください
過剰規制は現在の状況にも影響しており、Cockchaferはどこかで緊急に要請されたとしてもまだ淡水に留まっている。
Hailoongに何か起こったら?淡水にやってくるらしいNamoaに何か起こったら?
東北の風が吹き涼しいよい気候になっているが、我々の痛みは数ヶ月も続き
全ての貿易を半年も止めた封鎖はフランスが解除して、清はまだ港封鎖したままだ。
基隆は昨年8月1日以来、大稲土呈は10月1日以来こうむった損失は誰が補償してくれるのだ?
清との条約Treatyでは台湾の港に居住する英国人は住居や倉庫などに多額の投資をしており
清帝国の一部であるこの地域にお金をもたらす貿易を清が援助assistすることになっている。
何の警告もなく貿易は中断し、外国人は基隆を離れ、後には大稲土呈を離れ
基隆での商売は8ヶ月、大稲土呈での商売は6ヶ月も止まっている。
      喉もと過ぎれば別の不満が出てくるようです。
      とはいえ、Mackayの長老教会だって補償請求してますから、黙っているのは逆に悪徳なのです。
      黙っていれば相手の行為を認めたことになるからです。
      それにしても封鎖解除の翌日にはこれですもんね、商売人です。

Some one, either the French or Chinese, ought to be called on to indemnify us. We are allowed by Treaty to trade here ; it was no fault of ours that the war was waged. The trade was stopped by the belligerents, therefore the belligerents ought to recoup us for loss of business. If not, it would appear to us that wツゥ are trading here under false pretences and under the terms of a Treaty which can be abrogated in part by any nation choosing to pick up a quarrel with China. Of course such matters are for the consideration of ike Higher Authorities and they will be guided by international laws and customs. No one here, we are certain, would beg for an indemnity, but if we are entitled to or have a right to any compensation for loss of business, the higher authorities will settle the question no doubt in our favour.
もし我々の財産が清やフランスによって破壊されたら、支払ってもらうべきだ。
同様に、我々の事業が一時的に破壊されたら、損害を支払ってもらおう。
家の破壊など事業の中断と比べたら小さなものだ。
      例えばベトナム戦争のサイゴンで、日本商社が受けた損害の補償をベトコン・南ベトナム政府
      あるいは米国に請求するという発想があったでしょうか?
      せいぜいが戦争保険や貿易保険まででしょうね。
      英国商人は国家とも戦います。
      英国商人は損害賠償を勝ち取ったのでしょうか?

1885/4/18
Still blowing from, the north-east. Ther. 73, Bar. 30.41. No ship outside. The bamboo bridge across the river is rapidly disappearing ; after the heavy rain a few nights back, part of it gave way, and was seen floating up the river past the gunboat. Notwithstanding that "Blocus est leve," the Chinese soldiers were seen yester- day on the south side of the river at an obstruction in course of erection at Sand Point, The Customs hoisted their flag on the 1 6th, and the same day General Soon's flag was seen flying over what is called his headquarters.
1885/4/19-20
HailoongとNamoaの到着以外には大きな出来事はない。
Wandererの失われた郵便以降、手紙は届かない。11月と12月の日付のものだけがようやく届いた。
Cockchaferはまもなく出航する。
孫将軍はそのため防護柵を開く命令を出すだろう。
多分、数発の魚雷も撤去される。
茶葉は防護柵を越えて舟積みされており、貨物は蒸気船から荷揚げされている。
清はまだフランスを疑っており、港は条約が結ばれるまで平常通りとはならなだろう。
Cockchaferが出航したあと、荷舟の通るスペースを除いて防護柵はまた戻されるに違いない。
平和の展望は全く興奮するものであり、条約が締結され戦争が終わるのを希望している。

1885/4/21
少し風が吹き、ボートがNamoaとHailoongの舷側を叩いた。
Cockchaferは午後1時すぎに青い出航旗を揚げ、3時ころにゆっくり出向していった。
竹橋の間を通り、沈められたジャンクや魚雷の上をゆっくり過ぎ、防護柵を越えると
帆を張り煙を出しながら香港を目指した。
"Adieuさようなら"の信号に答えて大砲を撃った。
Cockchaferはほぼ9ヶ月ここに留まり、乗員すべてが淡水を出るのを喜んでいた。
海岸にいる全員がその出発を悲しく感じた。
NamoaとHailoongの出航は明日に延期された。
外国人は明日川を遡上するものと考えている。
茶葉の入荷は自由に始まったが、梱包はまだ困難である。
次の通知が今日回覧された。
(Copy.)                Notice.
                       H.B.M.'s Consulate,
                       Tamstji, 20th April, 1885.
昨日、北京にいる清国大臣H.M.'s Ministerからの指示書を受け取り
この淡水港にいる英国国民に通知する。
フランス政府は広東より北にある港向けの米は密輸品として扱うので
清国政府はフランス政府にはそのような権限はないと通告した。
フランス政府が現在の休戦下でCourbet提督に密輸品探索の権限を与える指示が不要な指示だと考えてはならない。
Lest it may be thought that the above information is now needless the undersigned has to state that the French Government have instructed Admiral Courbet to preserve during the present armistice the right to search Chinese and neutral vessels and to seize rice and contraband of war.
                     (Sd.) A. Frater, Officiating Consul.
      台湾や本土での戦争が思わしくなく膠着状態なのでフランスは
      大陸での米の水上輸送を妨害しようとした。姑息ですねえ
      結果は清政府を怒らせただけで、効果はなかった。
      実は黒田中将は長江を遡って見物したがったのだが
      このような状況のため英海軍から断られている。


1885/4/23
Blowing still, and the Namoa and Hailooiig are detained in consequence. Cargo from steaiuers going up the river, and junks which have been lying idle for over six months are now preparing to go to sea. Soldiers are kept at work still ; the few one meets have a merry twinkle in their eyes, as much as to say, we have " seen " them and raised " them. There were demonstrations of joy up at Twatutia by the Chinese shopkeepers when the news of the armistice arrived, but down here there have been none whatever. We trust that the papers will leave the French and Chinese alone, and not lash the former into fury, and so cause more bloodshed. Foreigners are going back to Twatutia again. NeA? teas are arriving freely. Rice has been very dear, and the poorer class of Chinese have suffered a good deal ; the wealthy holders running the price up more and more daily. We understand their rapacity was checked or was going to be checked by the man- darins, a fixed price being made, more than which they were not to be allowed to demand. Now that the port is opened the price will decline naturally. If the war had lasted much longer, riots in the country would have taken place, it is said 窶 ^the poor v. the rich. All this will be obviated now, and we trust things will settle down into the old groove and that peace and quietness will reign once more.
萬華にはフランス人の囚人が1人、台北府には2,3人の脱走兵がいるらしい。
その脱走兵はフランス外人部隊だということだ
外人部隊の兵は月に$30と聞いている。
萬華の囚人は銃を掃除して月に$8だ。
税関職員が数日前にLok-tawに行って聞いたところによると
囚人がフランス人であることを清兵は知っているのに、親切にも彼をWanWanの
好きな所に連れて行ったと。

1885/4/24
In the afternoon the M'ind rose again, and cai'go boats communicating with the ships outside had trouble in getting back again to port. Two steam-launches were sent out, the Tong Sing and Alice, to assist in towing boats into port : the little Alice and a cargo boat went to leeward of the port and could not fetch up. It is to be hoped that they will run into Namkan creek if the tide is high enough (for it is a tidal creek), or if not that the sea will not be too high to permit of their striking further south and entering the Hungmao (Hungmowj river, which is north of Heongsan, the port of Teuck- cham and a little south of Paksa Point and Table Hill 窶 well-known names to captains of steamers in the Tamsui trad'ツゥ. As a rure, the weather in April is not so boister- ous, and north-easters last but for a day or two. This year we^ have^ had a succession of northerly winds, with intervals of comparatively fine weather, to be succeeded by another few hours of rude Boreas. One trouble dis- appears, another foltows ; everything seems to go against the opening of the bar.. It is to be hoped that the obs- tructions on the> bar, the torpedoes, and bamboo raft- bridgewill soon become things of the past. The Chinese authorities have a perfect right to guard the entrance and to take' every precaution to keep the enemy out until the Treaty is signed, and we- admire their perspicacity. We also now think that the Tape is not quite so red as else- where,, for, within the' past day or two, the authorities have done eyerythisng they possibly could to fall in with the views of merchants and shipping agents to facilitate the ingress and egress, of foreign as well as native craft. Preparations are' made, however, to close the port again with very little notice: The native authorities here are undoubtedly veiy friendly inclined towards Britishers, and although they may at times have had a lurking suspicion that 窶 blood beisng thicker than water, 窶 we were spies or friends of the French, and not equally friendly with them, they must have seen that whatever our inward feelings may on o(;casions have been, we were fellow sufferers with them, and were strictly neutral really at heart.
砲撃の間、我々は危険な状態にあり、清が秩序を維持できるとは思えなかった。
しかし数か月で学んだことは、清当局が自信を持って施政し我々の信頼を損なうことはなかったことだ。
封鎖の始めの頃はそんな感覚は誰も持たなかったが、数か月経った現在では
我々はすべての危険から守られ、まるでロンドンのリージェント通りを昼間に歩く程度に感じるようになった。
When the officials like to keep order and peace, they can ! We have been in more danger from French projectiles than anything else, which every one will admit, but when reprisals are to be made by one nation against another, the non- combatants and neutrals must necessarily come in for a large share of risk The friendly feeling between Chinese and foreigners exists openly still, but there must be an undercurrent of illfeeling lurking in the breasts of many who have suifered by the action of the French at Kelung, Wan Wan, and elsewhere. The distinction between Frenchmen and other foreigners here has been more clearly defined since the troubles of October last, and the officials have done their best to make known to the soldiers and people that British and other foriegners here have no part in the dispute between France and China. When peace is dec- lared and the treaty is signed we trust that the military authorities will keep the troops and populace in order as well as they have done during the troublous times lately passed through. China must now see that her best friend is England, and that she could not.possibly secure a more sincere ally. The designs of the French and Russian nations on China or territory bordering on China is visible to anyone in the East, but England with all her capacity for annexation, &c., has proved that although she has waged war on occasion against China, has dictated strong terms often, and has had it in her power to dismember certain portions of her territory, she has never taken extreme advantage of her position beyond extracting Treaty rights, advantageous to all Western nations alike. After peace was declared and treaties were signed, Tom Sayers and Heenan, the cele- brated pugilists, could not, after pounding each other's faces into pulp, have given a truer shake of the hands than that England gave to China. Even when the last war was going on, English officers were fighting her battles against the Taiping Rebels, and by their action more than anything else the rebelHon was quelled and the present dynasty upheld. Whether the policy was good or not remains to be seen. At the time, it was the best thing to be done, for no lasting treaty could have been made with any rebel chief whose sole ideas were massacre and plunder. To drive an ancient nation like China along the road of progress, has been proved to be more difficult than driving a pig to market. The Chinese have opposite ideas and won't be driven ; they are a large nation and have every right to stand up for what they con- sider their rights. What they consider their rights cannot always be understood, aud foreigners are apt to take a contrary view. The progress made by China in the direc- tion of acquiring Western notions has not been so rapid as that of Japan, but no one will refuse to admit that China is now being pushed on gradually and surely by the course of events and perhaps far more surely and conservatively than the land of the Rising Sun. England, we are sure, has no design on China beyond a friendly wish that she will open out her country, improve her knowledge of Western ways, laws, and customs, adapting them to such an extent as to permit of free residence and right to trade in all parts of the empire, including, of course, due protection to her nationals.
これらの権利はそう簡単には達成できない、ローマが1日にできあがったわけではないのと同様に。
しかし、もし清が自分に正直でRobert Hart卿のような人物のアドバイスを受け入れるなら
清政府はもっと素早く変わり外国人をより理解できるようになるだろう。
また、もし鉄道と電信が広大な帝国にゆきわたれば、清は出来る限りのことを学べるだろう
そして英国が固い友人となり、清が東アジアのパワーバランスを保持するのを助けるのを希望している。
ロシア熊とフランス鷲がアジアで増強する歯止めがなければ、東アジアの勢力均衡はますます難しくなるだろう。
      主人公は入れ替わったが状況はやはり・・・

1885/4/25
After several days' delay, owing to the north-eas- terly wind preventing cargo boats communicating with shipping outside the bar, the Nunoa and Hailooiig hnally got away. A cargo boat with tea on board got to lee- ward of the Hailoong, and was carried some distance down the coast. Two steam launches went to the rescue, but could not assist in towing the boat against the breeze. One of the steam launches, the Alice, was carried down to Paksa Point, and whilst at anchor there was boarded and looted; everything was taken away but the boiler, it is said. At the back of Paksa Point there is an enor- mous village called Pay-sway-toon ; the inhabitants are principally Hakkas, well known wreckers. They are the men who set fire to and looted the Make, which was wrecked between Paksa and Table Plill some 17 years ago. When the Hailoong stranded here, some two years ago, they came down in hundreds and in a short time the cargo, chiefly tea wood, was carried inland.
1885/4/26
The Pay-sway-toon people say they took the Alice for a French launch. It was fortunate there was no European on board, or they would have cut his head off. Two out of the four chaaszes returned to Twatutia to-day.
1885/4/28
ここ淡水と滬尾とでは5度以上違う。今日は●度。
      Doddの自宅と会社は滬尾にあり、砲撃時は淡水港のCockchaferに避難していた。
      では砲撃が収まって封鎖中は彼は一体どこにいたのだろう?

結構な量の茶葉が入荷した。町の人は我々を見て喜んでいるようだ。
家々も何もかも昨年10月1日に我々が離れる時と同じようだ。
劉銘傳とその兵士はLoktawに留まっている。清はフランスの言葉に信頼していないのだ。
滬尾にいる孫将軍の兵隊はフランス艦隊がやってきた時と同様に警戒態勢にある。



封鎖解除とその後 THE BLOCKADE RAISED. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS.
1885/4/29 大稲土呈
気温は88度に上昇し、夏が突然やってきた。Summer has come upon us Suddenly and with a vengeance !
淡水の町の前の田畑や淡水と萬華の間の田畑には花咲く季節がやってきた。
   paddy fieldsとあるが、タンボには花は咲かない
封鎖が始まってから米や必需品の値段は下がり、貧しい苦力は毎日ご飯を大盛りか2杯も食べられるようになった。
外国製品が溢れ、大稲土呈の町は数日前まで眠った空家だったのが突然に動画のように動き出した。
外人の茶葉バイヤーがいることで町には活気が出た。
ただ、彼らの幾人かは事務所道具を持ち帰り、戦争がまだ終わっていないという疑いを持ちながら商売を始めている。
戦争は完全には終わっていない。天津条約は6月9日に締結される
フランス軍はなお基隆にいて Leang-kahや Wan Wanでの有る程度の地位を維持している。
従って彼らフランス軍はすべての問題が解決されたとは信じたくなく
一方、清はフランスが誠実でないとまだ疑っている。
In the early morning we here bugle calls, reminding us of the sounds heard before the bombardment of Ke- lung ; they come from Tai-peh-fu, where the military mandarins reside. The calls are French, and must have been picked up by the buglers at the Foochow Arsenal when it was being "run'' byM. Giqueland other French engineers. There are not many soldiers at Tai-peh-fu ; the main army is still at Loktaw, keeping a good look out. They know the present weakness of the French at Kelung, but will take no advantage. The terms of the armistice will not be broken by any act of the Chinese soldiery of Formosa. The Chinese emigrants to Aus- tralia, and especially to San Francisco, have made a bad name there, and the heathen Chinee, as they are Called, are regarded more or less with suspicion, but throughout the French troubles here the soldiers have behaved on on the whole very creditably. During the bombard- ments of Kelung, and afterwards of Tamsui, the "people" were inclined to take the law into their own hands, and the foreign buildings of Twatutia would have shared the same fate as the chapels belonging to the Canadian Mission had not the civil and military mandarins ex- ercised their authority ; and had they not been backed up by the soldiers, chaos would have reigned. There have been cases in the heat of battle where the soldiers have behaved in what we consider a very savage way ; that is, they have severed the heads of their enemies and have exposed them publicly in the market places of Hubei and Banca. But however wrong this may appear, and is, it can scarcely be considered worse than the acts of " dynamitards," who are supposed to be mem- bers of a higher state of civilization. In the heat of battle, men down on their backs, wounded and unable to return a bayonet thrust, are often put out of their misery by the " fittest," and w^e hear but little about it. War is something horrible, no doubt, but the acts of individuals in action ought not to be judged in the same way that acts committed in cool blood may be, We do not uphold the barbarous mode of attacking a wounded man and of severing his head, of exposing it and gloating over it, perhaps dancing round it to the accompaniment of a war whoop ; but we opine that the civilized notions of blowing up ironclads or troopships full of human beings, of placing torpedoes, and sinking mines for the purpose of wholesale destruction of human life, is far worse. AVhere are you to draw the line in time -of war? There is no sentiment ' prevailing then; everyone endeavours to take advantage of circumstances, the idea being to exterminate as many of the enemy as possible. In the old war between China and England sailors were inveigled away from their ships and were never heard of again ; the reports were that they were tortured to death, &c. But if we glance throiigh the pages of our own history, recording events that tran- spired in India during the mutiny, we find reason to blush for the acts of our military officials. The acts com- mitted by certain rebels might have been " devilish " and inhuman, but the retributive action -of the con- querors would not always beai* the light of day and of calmer judgment. To find fault with the Chinese mode of treating wounded men or prisoners is often a case of the " mote and the beam," and of throwing stones at glass windows." But I may be utterly wrong.
1885/4/30
Strong North-easter; therm, dropped from 88 deg. to 71 deg., a very pleasant but treacherous change in the weather. News arrived from Lok-taw this afternoon, which rather disconcerted people for a time, that two French soldiers had been foraging after fowls, and whilst engaged in this freebooting occupation they got into the society of certain women, who were picking tea on the hills. It is said that these jolly foragers assisted the women to pick tea and tried their hands at driving a plough drawn by a cow or buffalo ; it is even whispered that they were extra demonstrative in their attention to the female tea pickers ; but this is all rumour. Whatever the circum- stances were, one of the Frenchmen was killed and the other ran for his life. Soon afterwards a body of French- men crossed the uncertain line of demarcation, seized some ten men and women, and carried them away as hostages. This unfortunate occurrence took place at Teng Lai, not far from Wan Wan.
1885/5/1
Blowing from N. E. The Ivgrahan arrived outside, and her letters were sent up the river in the afternoon. 北京からの高官YangあるいはYungは島を上がる途上にありTeuckchamで数日休んでおり、間もなく到着する。

1885/5/2
There will be no'trouble about the killing of the Frenchman. The fight was between the coimtry people and the two French soldiers. The hostages will no doubt be retained until some satisfaction is obtained from the Chinese. The matter will be arranged without any trouble.
1885/5/3-5 淡水
No events to record. Very hot ; therm, ranging from 81 to 88 deg, in the shade.
YangあるいはYungという高官はTeuck-chamから到着した。
彼は非常に高い地位にあるらしく、それは護衛の数や笛・鐘の音の騒々しさでわかる。

1885/5/6-7
Yangは孫将軍と英国領事に会いに滬尾(淡水)に行った。
防護柵はいまだ撤去されずにある。
2日に次の回覧が領事より出された。
               Notice.
                        H.B.M.'s Consulate.
                        Tamsui, 2nd May, 1885.
本日、孫将軍より手紙を受け取った。
清当局はTsung-li Yamenから電信で命令を受け取り、哨戒しているフランス艦が本土に向かうまでは
封鎖を開いてはならないとのことだった。
これは明らかにフランスが作成した合意書に基づくものである。
                   (Sd.) A. Frater, Officiating Consul.
鉛が茶葉の梱包に不足している。 茶葉は自由に入荷しており、火入れしていない茶葉は鉛の在庫が尽きるほど市場に十分ある。
これは茶葉詰め業者や外人貿易商にはこれ以上鉛が止まるのは問題となるだろう。

1885/5/8-9
Tang returned from Hubei. No news whatever from Kdlung or Wan Wan. The coal trade cannot be resumed until the French leave Kelung and the neigh- bouring hills. Coal men are all ready to begin work again, but are afraid to go back, and until peace is signed there will be nothing done there. We doubt if the Kelung colliery works will be continued at Coal Harbour.
基隆砲撃の当日、8月18日に Frater領事は次の回覧を出している。
                        H.B.M.'s Consulate,
                        Tamsuji, 18th August, 1884
帝国巡撫Liu Ming-chuan劉銘傳は以前に閉山されていた基隆鉱山の再開を許可した。
しかし、巡撫は、現在の基隆の条件では鉱山再開できる状況ではないと述べた。
                         (Sd.) A. Frater,
                   H.B.M.'s Consul Officiating at Tamsui
It will be interesting to see whether certain native mines which have been closed for years will be allowed to be worked.
1885/5/10 大稲土呈
The course of events is running very smoothly here just now, the only disturbing element being the weather, which for the time of the year is not only very change- able but at times rather boisterous, preventing for days sometimes the shipping of produce in foreign steamers, which are compelled by the Chinese authorities to load outside the bar. To-day there is a very strong breeze from the south-west, which would lead one to imagine that the south-west monsoon had travelled as far north as Tamsui, which we rather doubt. Therm. 84 d(^g.,to highest point 88 deg.
1885/5/11
A sudden change- in the- weather and a drop of IS deg. in less tlian, 24 hours.
1885/5/12
North-easter blowing strong with heavy rain. This is certainly the most curious May weather we have seen for years. Since the armistice was proclaimed the wea- ther has been rough outside almost every day; the French could have done nothing at Tamsui. If they could not succeed in October last they certainly would not suc- ceed in April or May,_ without fine-weather, and double or even treble theforce the force they landed. them:
1885/5/13
Tea is pouring in from the- country, evidently- shewing that there is no lack of the " merry leaf." The cropi however, is considered by experts decidedly inferior to last year's spring yield, not from any fault of the plants iniany way, but from, the hurried and careless way in which tea picking has been conducted, and for want of skilled labour, &c. The result at the commencement of operations has damaged, the reputation of first crops so far, but now that the first excitement is over and the stock is so heavy as to cause even reckless planters and packers to ponder over " the position " we shall, perhaps see more qualitj^ and less quantity during the remainder of the month.
1885/5/14
As a rule we do not get regular tropical rains and; thimderstorms so early in the- year, but to-day the can- nonading close overhead was as deafening almost as the- sound of the Galissonniere's big guns atthe-bombardment.
日本の軍艦が淡水港外に到着し、艦長が孫将軍に会ったらしい。
公式訪問での無意味なおしゃべりのあと、最後に重要なことが議論された。
      どの艦・艦長が来たのか、何を話したのか
噂では、日本の士官officerが土塁や構造物の見学を希望したが、孫将軍はhad no green in the white of his eye!
                 白目に緑色がないとはどういう意味?
国立公文書館 アジア歴史資料センターに当日の面会報告がありました。
   軍艦磐城(ばんじょう) 艦長野辺田種興少佐
      5月11日に内閣顧問黒田清隆中将を上海で乗せ、膨湖島を訪問して
      Courbet提督に面会した。13日午後に馬公を出港

      14日午前淡水着艦小牧大書記官等直ちに端艇にて淡水河口を遡り
      辺台よりの信を携え上陸し孫提督に面接談話の末帰艦す。
      孫提督名は開華康堂と号す現今台湾幇弁軍務の職にて滬尾に駐紮す
      年紀46湖南の人なり長●の役各所に持戦して功あり後繹われて
      台湾に来れり昨年淡水の役大に其功を立てしは世人の知る処なり
      昨年仏艦と戦争の状形を問れしに彼れ対へて曰く比役や余は自から
      各営を指揮し右岸の小丘陵の辺に出でて仏兵を逆へり
      仏兵は軍艦8艘にて河口に碇泊し部下の兵を上陸せしめんが為
      甲板舷に乗込み上陸せんとする際我軍より烈しく之を防撃して敵の
      甲板舷23隻を●沈せり然るに彼れ之を意とせず遂に進て上陸せり
      為に於て我兵力を極めて防戦し敵を正面に受けながら奮撃突戦して
      遂に敵を淡水まで逆撃せり敵亦先鋒に対する●はす先を争ふて各各
      本艦に退却せり比役や敵兵上陸する者1500余人我兵之を打殺する者
      45百名に下らずその他敵の士官を捕獲する者数十人皆之を国法に
      照して斬に処せり内上等士官3名ありと比●なせしき孫提督は
      意気揚々案を●って如何にも壮快なる様子に見えたるよし
           ここまでは艦長が通訳から聞いた話らしい
      問うて曰く貴軍門は嘗て髪賊の際定めて千軍萬馬の間に奔走せられし
      なる可し提督微笑して曰く然り予は是迄軍に従う30年この間絶えず
      戦陣に老いたり殊に髪賊の時馳駆奔走せり大小戦共大方800回に
      及ぶべしと(甚だ信じ難し)
      孫提督の官邸は淡水市街の入口にあり其家屋の構造極めて疎にして
      且つ小なり客室には西洋風の机卓を構え頗る当世の外更に慣れたる
      様子あり其人たる極めて軍簡真準の風あり武人に小思ちすと称して可
      なるべしと
      右岸(河口に接したる)堡塁は去年の役後新たに築設する者にして
      其構造稍々順時築城の連系堡に似たり
      而も此の連系堡中砲座の位置の如きは他を無き者の如く遥かに望見
      せらる左岸砲塁の如きは河上より望見する能はざりし思うに亦塁は
      一なるべし
      確かに艦長は砲台には入っていません
      只また岸上に各営の●幟を掲るを見る兵勇は胸部に春字全軍と記せり
      思うに呉逢春の部下ならん
      調べたのですがその名前の人物が見つかりません。
      劉銘傳の部下に春字營という砲兵隊指揮官はいるのですが

      午後4時30分黒田中将等端艇にて上陸されたり税関より2名は英人を派し
      中将を迎えて税関に先導せり此処にて税務司法氏に面会法氏は先に
      孫提督より一項の轎子を予備し来たり中将に請うて狂駕せられたき旨を
      慇懃に伝言せり然るに中将は之を辞して徒歩し税務司法氏と同行して
      孫提督を訪われたり
      失礼なヤツだなあ
      右法氏の逐上談話に昨年清仏の役には仏兵の数45百名にして支那兵の
      数も亦過大ならず両軍共に千34百名と想像せられたり仏兵上陸の後
      進して白城の辺迄来りし此孫提督は勢の不利なるを見て殆ど己の兵を
      集め引揚けんとせり此時嘗て招募団練せし土蕃兵小丘陵の地物を利用し
      側面より突然敵を圧撃正面の兵と互に騎角の勢を為し遂に盛り返して
      仏兵を逐ひ退け各本体に退却せしめたりその後仏艦又上陸を試みず
      戦争の時支那兵の携帯せし銃は「モーザル」「レミングトン」の2種
      なりと云えり然るに今朝上陸の時目撃せし兵勇の内に「シャスポー」を
      携帯せしを見たり想うに又各種の小銃あらん其「モーザル」「レミングトン」
      の2種は蓋し其中特殊ならん
      孫開華は勇気あり又才幟ある人にて殊に外人との交際も頗る親切にして
      更に猜疑の心なく常に公平の交接をなせり例えば昨年仏兵と接戦するや
      裂目衡冠其勢い当たるべからざる者の如しなるも一旦互に兵を収めて
      相逢う時は仮令其人仏人なるも一も含意あるなく共に「シャンパン」の
      杯を傾けて談笑して時の移るを知らざるべしと此変に就ても●が其人
      と為りを推知するに足らん
      以上は●税務司法氏述上して談話せし処なり
      おや今度は淡水税関官吏の話ですか
      中将は孫氏に面談の際将来日支の交際益々親密ならんを望むの意を陳べ
      られ且我日本の如きは地理を以て論ぜば欧米は渺遠にして貴国の如きは
      一葦帯水雖も其近きを覚う然るに今日の形勢を以て論ずれば我国人民の
      如きは殆ど欧米人有るを知て貴国人有るを知らざる者の如し是他なし
      従来互に親密交通せざる故なり孫提督殊に中将に向て誉拝し以後益々
      親和を厚うせんを望むの意を養へ且将来貴国の商民もし此淡水に来りて
      商業を経営せんと欲せば勉めて克く之を保護せんと云えり
      又劉銘傳近頃の様子を問いしに孫提督は同氏と不和の由にて別に同氏に
      ついて寄談なかりし。
       孫は正直に述べている。翌1886年に劉銘傳と別れ本土の泉州に戻ることになる。
       その後1893年に台湾で病死し故郷慈利縣岩泊渡鎮に葬られたが
       文化大革命でほとんど破壊されてしまった。
       2012年7月にようやく発掘調査され彼の石像が出てきた。
       まだ墓地の修復はされていない。

      又楊岳斌は今より十45日前に台湾に渡り淡水を距る30里の石頭脚
      と云う処に駐立し居る由なり
       Doddのいう重要な話とは、劉銘傳と揚岳賦のことらしい。
      楊岳斌は清仏戦争にあたって北京から派遣された人物だが劉銘傳の上司なのか同格か不明。
      楊岳斌もまもなく1890年に淡水で亡くなる。

      4時50分中将帰艦この際黒雲天に満ち雷雨轟鳴恰も車軸を流すがごとし
      当地方にては如此の雷雨この頃の候には毎日之れある由なり
       中将は多分10分程度しか孫将軍と話していなかったことになる。
       当時の軍人の常で、西洋を崇拝しそれ以外は蔑視していたのがこの時間で推察できる。
       圧倒的海軍力のフランス軍がなぜ台湾で膠着していたのか、大変重要なヒントが
       この孫開華から得られたはずなのに・・・
       日露戦争で陸軍が散々な目にあうのも頷けます。

      15日午前6時淡水発同午後1時44分鶏篭(基隆のこと)投錨直ちに仏艦アトラント号を訪い
      艦長トレーブ氏に面接寒暖の礼畢て●ち余曰く願くは閣下の許諾を得て上陸の上哨兵線を
      一覧致したしとトレーブ氏曰く公等膨湖を過ぎ来ると若し我仏哨兵線を見んと欲せば
      よくクールベ提督の許可状を携えざるべからず公等携へ来たりしや否やと
      余曰く別段提督に請い許可状を持参せしに非ず故に閣下若し許すべきと思ば
      許し然らざるも致し方なし請う御一考ありたしトレーブ氏曰く膨湖の御停泊中
      提督に請われ上陸ありしや余曰く膨湖にて提督に面接せしき時提督の言に
      膨湖の如きは別段上陸するも見物すべきものなしと故に余は別段上陸の件を
      請わざりしトレーブ氏微笑黙然●久うして曰く公等よく一覧を望まるるならば
      余公等の為めに尽力すべし然れども陸軍に司令官あれば余の独断にて此事を
      ●答し難し午後1時を期し余自ら貴艦を訪い相伴て上陸し陸軍司令官に面接協議
      すべしと時すでに正午相約して分る
             ・・・・

      上海には5月20日に戻っている。
      野辺田艦長の報告書は艦隊司令官松村淳蔵少将あて6月13日付け
                       20日間も何してたんだか。
                       サラリーマンなら相当怒られます。

The local Government having indirectly squeezed every native (known to be rich or worth anything) dur- ing the blockade, have to-day, it is said, raised the amount of the direct tax called the lekin tax on Gpiuna. We hear that in future the Chinese consumer of this pernicious, but at the same time alluring, and in certain cases beneficial narcotic 窶 stimulant to the weak and under-fed hard working bieadvvinner, solace to the wretched and disheartened and luckless, but death to the rich and well-to-do, effeminate, lazy, useless, opium ridden specimens one occasionally sees with one's own eyes and hears so much of 窶 will have to pay an increas- ed tax of Tls. 20 on Persian opium and Tls. 24 on Benares. That is, as far as we understand, Tls. 116 on Persian and Tls. 120 on Benares will be in future col- lected, but it is very doubtful whether the Imperial exchequer will be any the richer. The lekin tax must amount over all China to some fabulous sum, but it is not natural at all in a country like China to expect that the Imperial Treasurer at Peking will handle much more than 30 per cent, of the total amount collected in the provinces. Why, if every tael was accounted for pro- perly it would be irregular and uncelestial !
1885/5/15
In the short space of about three weeks (since foreigners returned to Twatutia) the arrivals of tea have amounted to some 60,000 half-chests, a portion of which is old last year's leaf, which had to be stored until the blockade was raised. With all this tea pouring in daily what is to be done without lead ? We can fire tea, and can make chests to contain same, but imless the pack- ages are lead-lined,, the tea cannot be shipped to a foreign market. Here again the French war of repri- sals and even a state of armistice brings loss to British and American, merchants as well as to Chinese. Lead is a contraband of war undoubtedly, but under special gua- rantee the import ought to be allowed. Here foreign merchants suffer,. whether there is a blockade or an armis- tice, and yet the Erench navy has been allowed to victual and coal and repair damages to their vessels in Hongkong during war time and to look upon Hongkong as a military and naval, store department to their heart's content.
1885/5/16 淡水
It was reported a few days ago that the French authorities at Kelung had given out that they would return goods found in captured junks, such as nankeen cottons, &c., &c., to the owners or consignees. We should, think it would, be a very difficult matter to find the consignees or owner.s of the goods at Kelung, some of the: junks,, when taken, being on their way to southern ports. We: do not suppose that any of the junks taken by the French were destined for Kelung. Under any circumstances it will be difficult for either shippers or consignees to prove ownership. Many of the poor junk- men were made to work hard, were- badly fed, and at night, being huddled together in godowns and houses,, packed very closely, numbers of them succumbed. Some escaped and found their way overland to Taiwan-foo, French soldiers suffered as much, and it is supposed that more died from the climate and disease than, from Chi- nese bullets.
1885/5/17-18
不思議な天気で再び大変寒い、気温は71〜75度。北東の風がまだ吹いている。
generally ealm in the mornings, and a breeze about 10. a.m.
港外には2隻の蒸気船。北方からWelleが来て南方からIngrabanが来た。
これらの舟には鉛は積まれていない。
70000half-chestsの茶葉に対して鉛は 40,000分しかない。
Chinese packers are buying lip leaden ;oツォs cmidlesUcks . (fee, to make leaden linings to tea chests, and fishermen are said to be parting with the leaden weights attached to their nets for same pur- pose. Lead last season was sold at about $6 per picul; at the beginning of the present season sales were made at $9 to $10 per picul. In the- beginning of the present month $16 per picul might have been obtained. To- day packers are willing to pay, people say, $20 per picul. Charcoal, which is an important article in the manufacture of tea, is also a scarce commodity just at present. Some years ago you could buy it at the rate of $1 for 3 piculs ; now you can only get 80 catties for a dollar. A very large quantity of charcoal is used in all the large towns of Form,osa for cooking purposes, but an enormous quantity is also r'equiredi at Twatutia and elsewhere for firing teas. Each tea packing hong has a large firing- room attached. Small hongs have 50 to 100 fires and large- hongs have about 200 to 300 fires and even more. The fire places are simply circular holes, about two feet in diameter, swrounded by brick facings.. They are arranged in rows, and are not much more than eighteen inches above the fioor of the room. The fire holes are apart about half a foot, and on the top of these circular holes, or receptacles for live char- coal are placed the baskets containing tea. The fires are prepared in a simple way ; a large pile of charcoal is lighted and allowed to, burn till all the combustible matter contained therein, has disappeared, and the red hot particles are placed by the firing men in the circular fireplaces. I'or several hours the fires are allowed to fiare up and cast forth a flame and glow that few men can stand, for an,y length of tim.e. If you enter a large firing room at the time the fires are being lighted it is hke going into an oven, and the return to the open air reminds you forcibly of the heated atmos- phere of Montreal hotels, where ins-ide the tem- perature is perhaps over 70 deg. and on going out of the front door you suddenly find yourself in an atmosphere' several degrees below zero. This is putting it very mildly, for in a room with 300 fires the heat is far more intense. It takes time for the fires to settle down, and the red hot charcoal has to be broken up with iron implements ;, the red heat has to penetrate to the very core of the charred branches or portions of trunks of trees, and when no smoke what- ever issues from the fire holes, the firing men place on top of the embers a thick covering of ashes of paddy husk> which deadens and tempers the heat to such an extent that in the course of 1 2 or 1 5 hours from the time the blazing lumps of charcoal were placed in the fire holes it is safe to- place the baskets contaming tea-leaves over them. The baskets are cylindrical in shape, about 2 feet in diameter and about 3 feet high;^ they are divided in two by a sieve partition, and on top of this sieve the tea is placed. I'he teas brought down from the hills and tea districts have undergone thc' sun-drying and absorb- ing process,, have been fried in an iron pan, have been twisted by hand after passing through the rapid frying process, and on occasions are basket-fired up country. But the up-country process of preparation is insufficient to permit of the leaf being shipped away to a foreign country ; it has, therefore, after you have purchased it, to be " cured " properly and finally at Twatutia. Eveiy particle of moistiu'o has to be extracted in the final pro- cess, previous to packing the leaf in lead-Hned chests. Wherever Chinese colonists are sent to 窶 and it is always inland towards the savage frontier or border land 窶 their first idea is to make a clearing, built shanties, plant a few sweet potato fields, &c. Then, after squatting and settling down, they turn their attention to the hills in the neighbourhood, which are covered from bottom to top with trees of all kinds and thick jungle. Without entering deeply into, border life, we may mention that these pioneers, are for the most part Hakkas, in fact our old friends the hillmen. They become squatters, cam- phor producers, or charcoal burners according to circum- stances. They enter into the business, whatever it may be, wirh zest, whether wood clearing or hunting, and in a generation or two become semi-savage in their ways and habits. They have to deal with savages, and in course' of time they outsavage them, having a poorer idea of honour than the aborigines, 'i'hey commit treacher- ous acts on occasions, and feuds arise, lasting often for years. These borderers or hilhne-n come in contact with the savages daily, and they act as a sort of buffer between the quiet farmers and villagers in the- valleys and plains and the noble owners of the hilly country. They are therefore looked upon as protectors and are often paid by the people as well as the Government to check the savages when making raids into Chinese territory, per- haps only lately acquired. During the Franco-Chinese war of reprisals hun- dreds of these hillmen were engaged by the military authorities to fight the French at Tamsui and Kelung, and their withdrawal has strengthened the hands of the savages, so much so that places from which the latter had been driven have been retaken, and districts where camphor and charcoal Avere previously obtainable can- not with safety now be visited. Hence the temporary scarcity of both camphor and charcoal. On the East coast, down at Soao Bay and at Talimo, where there are not many hillmen, and where things are jogging along as if no French soldier had over set foot on Formosa soil, charcoal is obtainable. No end of boats have consequently gone down there and things may right themselves. It is a long way, however to go for such, fuel, and no wonder that under all the circumstances charcoal, formerly so cheap, is now so dear. Many of the hillmen, auxilliaries in blockade times, have been disbanded, and when peace has been signed they will all have to return to their happy hunting grounds, and it will be a sorry time, we fear, for the poor savages, who have had it a good deal^their own way of late.
1885/5/19-20
Ingrahan and Welle still outside. Hailoong arrived on 19th. Weather very bad for shipping; several boats damaged, and one boatload of tea came to utter grief.
1885/5/21
Fokien arrived, making four steamers off the port. In the early morning it is calm as a rule, but before boats can get over the bar a wind generally springs up, and shipping tea is almost impossible. Boats are scarce and many of them don't care to go alongside if there is the slightest sea on.
1885/5/22-23
Wind still north-easterly. Heavy rain fell during the night and morning of the 23rd. The detention to steamers caused by the closing of the entrance to the port is very provoking to all in the tea trade, so much extra expense as well as risk attends the shipping of tea and discharging of goods outside the bar. It is whispered that lead was seen floating over the bar, but if the import is allowed in one instance it will only be fair to allow everyone to import it. Ther- mometer 85 almost daily.
1885/5/24
Queen's birthday! Even in this remote corner of the world the birthday of Good Queen Victoria is never for- gotten. The flagstaff was dressed and Her Majesty's health wa,s drunk by all, and if the Cockchafer had been here a salute would have been fired no doubt, and the day would have been a regular holiday. The departure of the' Cockchafer caused many of us to feel dull and wretched for days afterwards. After nine months' stay here it is not to be supposed that the officers and crew would feel great sorrow at looking perhaps for the last time at the historic' earthworks and defences made during their stay here ;笆 nor do you think they will regret very much the' non-appearance every morning of the North Hill (the ancient Vesuvius of Formosa), nor the group of conicalrshaped hills to. the south of the river, ^vhich for so many months they gazed upon with a weary longing- look, wishing that they had never set eyes thereon. The snipe and plover on the Downs Avere never so numerous as to cause' the heart of " Hawkins " or the " Pusser " to- wish themselves back again, we are sure. The brilliantly lighted (?) billiard room and its shingly floor, though the great rendezvous on dismal rainy days,, would have but few attractions if trans- planted to. Hongkong. The hours spent in that build- ing and on the adjoining tennis lawn will, however, never perhaps fade from the memory of some of our Cockchafer friends-. They will not readily, we imagine, banish from their recollections, either, the days of the bombardments, when the little Cockchafer appeared to have a charmed life, shot and shell falling all round seeming to advise her to change her berth, saying "You are in the line of fire! Move further up the river! You are in a dangerous position !" We shall watch with much interest the movements of the tight little boat. Only give her a chance and we shall hear that she will distinguish herself. The blue jackets and marines, at least those who formed the "Shore Guards" will not forget their stay here. Some of the latter may have had more exciting times at Tel-cl-tebir, and some of the former at Alexandria, but these experiences will not wholly erase from their memories the recollections of Tamsui bombardment days, &c., &c., &c.
1885/5/26-27
The warmest days this year. Thermometer ranged from 88 to 90^.
1885/5/29
気温 81度。今回は鉛はなかったが、西海岸のいくつかの港にジャンクが少し持ってきたと聞いた。
Courbet提督がLok-tawで数日以内に劉銘傳と会うという噂がある。
そのとき提督は基隆を劉に引き渡すとも。

1885/5/30 大稲土呈
今日米国人医師が淡水を訪れた。直ちに基劉に快速艇で向かい、さらにLok-tawにも行った。
そこで劉銘傳に報告したのだ。
面会許可は広東総督からDr. Luscherに与えられたと我々は信じている。
正しい方向への動きだ。遅いが。
鉛は非常に重要なもので、清人が沿岸蒸気船で船積みするとき宝箱と呼ぶくらいだ。
税関が荷物に飛び掛り、船主は虚偽の申告をするのを当然と思っている。
鉛しか入ってないのに高価なものが入っているとして清人が輸送費や保険料を払うなら
保険会社は黙っていないだろう。

1885/5/31
税関職員2人が短時間基隆に派遣され、その後基隆税関は再開されたと報告あった。
Therm. 91. Heat stifling, with thunder clouds gathering all round the plain.
1885/6/1-3
気温は連日90〜91度だ。
数日前、外商に雇われている清人苦力が兵隊に"虐殺"された。
苦力は48時間以内に死に、それから1,2時間以内に首をはねられた。
      文脈からするとその兵隊はフランスではなく清兵と思われる
これが孫将軍が当地で守っているやりかただ!
フランスが基隆を去った後、多くの兵隊がどうするのか?
What is to become of all the soldiers after the French leave Kelung?
彼ら清兵が台湾から送り出され、数千人だけが台北府や基隆・滬尾に残ってほしいものだ。
当地人の兵隊の多くはすでに解雇されており、Hillmenの仕事には対価が払われるだろうが
本土から来た清兵は故郷に戻るのか?
我々は兵隊がここで除隊されないことを望む。 1874年の紛争のあと北方の兵が除隊され乞食やならず者になったのと思い出す。
      1874年の紛争とは日本による南台湾出兵を指します。
      難破した琉球船乗組員が台湾南部の蕃族に不幸にして殺害された事件をきっかけに
      明治政府が台湾に出兵し、対抗して清政府が応援を送り込んで応戦した。
      この件はいずれ紹介する機会があるかなあ?
           「The Japanese Expedition to Formosa」征台従軍記(翻訳が出版されています)
           「Sinvaudjanから見た牡丹社事件」台湾人による日本語論文です


1885/6/4
After all the heat down comes another North- easter and a consequent drop from 91 deg, to 78 deg. Ingraban in, but can't do much, as there is a bar on.
1885/6/5
It was said a few days ago that the French were to evacuate Kelung to-day, but no official intimation has been given to foreign officials. There is some talk of the Hillmen being kept on at Hiibei and Kelung to assist in fortifying both places after the French have left. There is a rumour here that the French have rented the Pescadores from the Chinese ; they might as well give the French Formosa at once.
1885/6/7 大稲土呈
Very cool day. Therm, 74 at Hubei ; 78 at this place.
1885/6/8-9
Fokkienが大量の鉛を積んで到着した。
税関は今回は荷揚げを許可しなかった。前回は同じ船会社の船で130個を許可したのに。
淡水に到着した1隻のジャンクは荷物を荷揚げしている。
大陸から別の1,2隻のジャンクが西海岸の港にやってきて、数百個の鉛を揚げた。
外国人の利益は損なわれ、清人のは保護される!
指示は北京から出され、外国蒸気船からの荷揚げは認めないと言われている。
なぜ?

1885/6/10
Hailoongが到着したが積荷の鉛は荷揚げできない。
清は宝箱に入れて鉛を輸入しており、スズと称して鉛を船積するのに成功したことはない。
箱はいつもの方法で検査され、2枚だけがスズで残りは鉛だった。
税関が鉛輸入にやっきとなるのは実に不思議で我々には衝撃だった。
税関職員が商人に対して自らの義務(関税?)を課さないなど期待できないし
現在は職員は単純に命令に従っているだけだと思う。
But if lead is a contraband of war surely dollars are also, and yet dollars, and it is reported, soldiers, are not objected to, but are " passed " freely.
1885/6/11-13
Therm, ranged from 81 to 85 deg. ; very heavy rain during the afternoon of the 13th. Courbet提督が劉銘傳巡撫がLok-tawで会談したいという話は全く信用できない筋からのものと判明した。
General Soon is going in for a Tamsui regatta du- ing the present festive season, and a considerable sum of money has been collected from the soldiers and officers stationed at Hubei. Chinese regattas in former years were held up the river at Bauca, or near Tvvatutia, but in coiisequence of the repulse of the French of the 8th Oc- tober last General Soon perhaps thmks it more expedient to hold it at the anchorage. The races in long snake boats have been going on for some days, and will finish, we suppose, on the grand holiday on the 7th instant. General Soon is a most important individual, no doubt, and may know how to keep his troops in order, but notwithstanding all this he is unmistakeably under the thumb of General Liu Ming-chuan and can do no- thing in the way of opening the poi't and allowing ships to enter the river without taking orders direct from Liu. Before the raising of the blockade General Soon gave out (it was rumoured) that the French ships would be driven away by the Chinese fleet and that he would open the port in April. The French ships having left under the terms of an " armistice," the General now changes front and refuses to remove obstacles on the bar, such as sunken junks, piles of stones, and old torpedoes which have been under water far longer than is good for them and which had better be exploded and renewed rather than left in a state of doubt as to their destructive utility. The torpedo business has been conducted in a most secret form, and no one, except perhaps the solitary tor- pedoist who laid them down originally, could ar- range to work them scientifically and successfully. These torpedoes are, it is said, attached to an electric battery on shore. It would in these peaceful times be expedient, one would think, to let them off aud lay fresh ones down, no enemy being in sight. It would be good practice any how, and would be an experiment which would be instructive perhaps to those in charge of such warlike gear. Would they go off? is a moot question. Are they in the positions still that they were placed in months and months ago ? It is very doubtful. But of course such matters are really of no consequence now. The only thing is that if they have not all floated out to sea and left their mooring grounds they may be in the fair way of ships, and consequently if not taken up and removed accidents may happen. If these torpedoes have not been changed since they were originally laid down we feel convinced that they would not explode after being under water for so many months.
1885/6/14
Frightfully hot again ; 94 deg. in the shade. Ge- neral Soon's subscription regatta going on. Long snake boats with lots of men, using paddles, contend against each other, all stripped to the waist. A terrific pace is attained for about 100 yards or so 窶 and the struggle is kept up for another 100 yards or more, when all is over. The boats are long and snaky in shape and are propelled by 20 men and more. They spurt from the start to finish, mis-use a lot of breath, and make no end of a row.
1885/6/15
Fokienがやってきて平和条約が署名されたニュースを持ってきた。
多量の鉛を積んでおり、荷揚げの許可を持っている。
次の通知が回覧された。
       (Copy)
                    H.B.M's Consulate,
                    Tamsui, 15th June, 1885.
天津でフランスと清が平和条約を署名したと税関長から公式に通知があり
軍需物資の陸揚げ制限は今日で解除されたとのことである。
                    (Sd.) A. Frater, Consul.

1885/6/18 淡水
Very hot, 90 degrees. Amatista arrived; Fokien still in port.
1885/6/19
Cooler, 85 degrees. Wind from south-west.
税関補助員が数日前にLok-tawの劉銘傳の司令部を訪れ、フランスの撤退のさまを見たと。
大きな兵員輸送船1隻が17日に淡水を通過して南へ行った。
フランスは素早く基隆を明け渡している。

1885/6/20-21
Very hot weather, thermometer 91 to 92.
次の通知が回覧された。
                Notice.
                       H.B.M.'s Consulate,
                       Tamsui, 21st June, 1885.
フランス極東艦隊司令官Lespes提督からの手紙を受け取った。
本日に基隆を空にし、基隆に住居を保有する英国国民は家屋の状況を調査してからフランスに損害請求せよと。
Constable Petersonは本通知を持って基隆に派遣され、英国人はその雇人を同道させて家屋の再開をしてよい。
財産目録を作成しなければならない。                        A. Frater, Consul.
      Constable Petersonは領事館職員です。

1885/6/22
6隻のフランス艦が淡水を過ぎるのを昨日見た。これでフランス軍の撤退がなされた。
6隻の中には、Galissonniere, Duguay-Trouin, Atalante があった。
小型のLutinとクルーザー1隻が1日残り、最後の人員を収容する。
フランスは出発し、価値あるものはほとんど残さなかった。
フランス兵は台湾を離れると聞いて大変喜んだという。
Courbet提督の死亡がアモイから伝えられた。
      提督は6月11日に膨湖島馬公岸壁の戦艦Bayard上でコレラで亡くなっている。
      直ちにLespes提督が極東軍司令官を引き継ぎ、遺体を乗せたBayardは23日に馬公を出発、Parisを目指す。
      8月24日に地中海岸に到着、棺は特別列車でParisに運ばれ沿道では多数が提督に弔意を示した。
      27日にパリの廃兵院の運ばれ葬儀が行われた後、故郷Abbevilleへ。
      フランスはアモイ海戦では勝ち、台湾では引き分け、ベトナムでは勝っている。
後に基隆を訪れた1人の外国人は述べている、基隆市は廃墟となり地面のように平たくなったと。
清当局は政府鉱山はまもなく再開されると発表。基隆が復興するまでに長い時間がかかるだろう。
在住者residentは金持ちではなく、居住者inhabitantの半分は砲撃前よりも元気がない。
9ヶ月以上も自宅を追い出され財産は破壊略奪されたのに、政府援助なしにどうやって家を再建できる?
1,2件のフランス兵の逃亡があったが清はかれらをよく扱った。
しかし、彼らの扱いはひどく家畜のような食事を与えられていたとも言われている。
      これ以降Doddの文章に変化が現れます。

1885/6/23-24
Still extremely hot, indoors 91 to 92 daily; Under verandahs 96 to 98.
多数の清人囚人は昨日23日大稲土呈に到着した。みすぼらしく痩せて疲れ切っているように見えたらしい。
基隆からの最新ニュースは大変思わしくない。
今回の兵隊soldieryの行いは不正であり、それを聞いて大変残念に思う。
フランスへの反撃の間を通して孫将軍の部下はよく命令に従っていた。
大稲土呈の外国商館が10月に脅迫された時、劉銘傳の兵が呼ばれて住民を素早く鎮圧した。
フランス軍が基隆を撤退してすぐに、兵隊は外国の建物を破壊し、Messsrs. Douglas Lapraikの窓を破壊し
敷地から全てのものを窯に至まで盗んだ。
Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Coに隣接する土地にフランスは多数の兵舎を建設し
それらは素早く破壊されてしまった。
建物を破壊し略奪したあと、兵隊は隆銘傳が派遣した軍勢によって制止された。
現在までに兵士の行為による損害は流動している。
英国砲艦はいったいどこにいるのだ?提督は淡水と基隆を見張る軍を出さないのだ?
最も遅い艦でもアモイから24時間しかかからないし、福州からならなら15時間だ。
我々は基隆での兵隊の行為についてもっと詳細で信頼できる情報が必要だ。
フランスが基隆を砲撃したあと、砲撃によって生じた損害・家屋占領による損害はフランスに請求できるらしいが
今回の損害はどうすればよいのだ。

1885/6/25
The heat here is felt far more than during the "Comet" days there is no respite. foreigners and natives complain ahbe. Nothing under 90 deg. in the shade, varying from 91 deg. up to 98 deg. according to the part of the dwelling you. are in.
日陰でもずっと続くこの暑さの中で、清の宗教行事は熱意をもってとり行われる。
Twatutia i?, par excellence the town of religious fervour in North Formosa. It would appear that some daily ceremony was absolutely necessary in order to keep up the outward appearance of things. ^Vhen you imagine you are thoroughly free from the sound of gongs and cymbals, all of a sudden a number of men with deter- mination depicted on their countenances appear bearing in a sort of chair on their shoulders a "joss," a real wooden joss, about 1 foot to 2 feet high according to circumstance. The josses I have seen are nearly always made of wood, and are either painted black or have be- come dirty in appearance for want of soap. These wooden gods or devils are carried out in a chair for a walk, and the men carrying them are seen to swing the chair about, and to shake up the joss in a most uncom- fortable way, and yet not only the bearers, but the native on-lookers, deceive themselves to such an extent that they give out most unhesitatingly that the " devil " or joss inside is really moving the chair. It must be noted that the chairs have only two long bamboos reaching from one end to the other, the other two supports being cut off short, so as to permit of the swaying motion of the compartment containing the wooden image. How practical people like the Chinese cannot see through such deception is marvellous. If you point out these little flaws to an intelligent pidgin English speaking native he will only laugh and say, " all o' man sabee, but belong olo cussom. Have do so fashion too muchee long time. Must have got all o' plopper!" A description might be given of splendid processions, with dragons, ponies with chil- dren on them, clowns, and men carrying banners of all colours, telescopic demons, and court fools capering about, the devil himself following up in the motley train, &c., &c. Then, too, there are military processions which seem almost of daily occurrence. The first indication is perhaps the' blowing of huge trumpets, long irregular blasts, which invariably carry your imagination back to the Biblical narrative of the blowing of trumpets outside the walls of Jericho. To-day and for several days past the whole town, has been keeping high feast, and just after sunset pyrotechnic displays take place, lasting late into- the- night. Rockets are the favourite fireworks. The- shopkeepers all contributing so much towards the cost. Thousands, of people go on to the green every night, and a huge roar of voices is heard ; and no end of rockets, Catharine-wheels, and. big. bomblike crackers are exploded. This noisy crowd enjoy themselves immensely, and when the last rocket has been des- patched quietly go- home, and in a quarter of an hour or SO' not a sound is heard. No policemen are re- quired to keep order. In this town of twenty to thirty thousand men there is only one policeman, so far as we- know. We once required his presence and help. It took about twO' haurs to find him, and when he appeared he turned out to be a superannuated old chap who- thought of nothing else but the fee that he would receive- from you for answering to your call. The town is di- vided into wards ; head men are appointed and are made answerable for the good conduct of each ward. Petty rows are settled with bamboos generally, and often a general scrimmage takes place, sometimes with loss of life. If the matter is serious a few. heads are chopped off, which has the desired and lasting effect of keeping order. We must not be astonished at all at the want of " Bobbies " here. We have only to go back to the time of Sir Robert Peel to remind ourselves that the " organised arm of the law " as it exists now in England is^a very recent product of Western civilization.
1885/6/26 大稲土呈
Another blazing hot day. Grand ceremony on the green between the town and river. A large heap of coals is placed in the centre of the green and is lighted underneath. For several hours the coals burn and smoulder, and smoke is carried by the wind accordingly. Whilst these preparations are going on, a crowd gra- dually assembles and continues to increase during the day. Towards 3 or 4 p.m. you might imagine yourself somewhere near the Black Rock in Wong-nei-cheong Valley on the second day of the races, looking at a con- fused mass of Celestials all huddled closely' together, and all jabbering like monkeys The crowd increases. Mnally, processions are descried hurrying from the town towards the scene. Chairs carrying josses, followed by men in various dresses waving flags of various hues, are drawn up on the green in a circle round the fire, the crowd being kept back by men apparently appointed for the purpose. Suddenly, when the critical moment arrives, a move is made by the chair containing the josses and the bearers. They rush round and round the fire in a circle vociferating and yelling, hurrying along at a dervish sort of pace, each joss vyin, with the other, it would appear. Finally, the time arrives when the bearers of joss and the followers must rush over the heated coals barefooted. Many do this and get their feet burnt. In that case ill luck will attend them. If, however, they can manage to run across the hot pile of coals without being burnt, the gods or devils will favour them. We have asked several heathens about this ceremony. Half don't know much about it, others say that it is the birthday of the " Twatutia Joss " and other josses have to assist in the celebration . The cere- mony takes place every year at Twatutia. We have never seen it performed else wh-ere in China. It is like nothing else of its kind that we have witnessed. Only an intel- ligent Chinaman would be able to explain its iiiaaaiag; the common people^ who take the most violent in- terest in the exhibition, vary considerably in their state- msnts if qaestioned. on. the subject. Twatutia is also a great place for opea air singsongs, and on certain occa- sions the processions previously referred to reach for over a mile. Some of them, remind one of the Lord Mayor's show in London, and the running across a heap of burning coaL would almost make one believe that the custom came from India, or from Zululand, where a similar religious ordeal has to. be gone through.
1885/6/27
Hot as ever, 89' to 91, day and night. Fokien got away.
1885/6/28-30
A little cooler ; Therm. 87- to 91 degrees in the shade.
税関が今日次の通知を出した。

基隆の税関分署は一般業務を再開する。
                 (Sd) Ed W. Faeago, 税関長

1885/7/1
Such strange- stories arrived from, Kelung soon after the date of the evacuation of that place- by the French that we were not at first prepared to believe them,, without making the^ due allowance customary in the East, especially when the infoi'mation was from Chinese sources. Europeans, however, who, were present just previous to the evacuation, and others who arrived afterwards, all confirm the report that the Chinese soldiery, on arriving at the foreign quarter of the bay, entered the foreign built houses and for a time a lot of smashing and looting took place. The Customs offices and dwelling were spared, owing perhaps to the presence at the time of two officers, but the other houses suffered from the acts of soldiers belonging to. various regiments. The officers. we are told, had for the time being no control whatever over their troops, and v?hen one of them was appealed to he replied that he was helpless and could do nothing ; in fact the soldiers had attacked a house near Greneral Tsao's old quarters, belonging to Chinese Government, and had moreover looted the Kelung T'ing's house. General LiuMing-chuan guarantees payment for all losses sustained by the action of the Chinese troops, and we know that the French will account for any damage, &c., done to foreign hongs during the occupation, so that all will be arranged in due course satisfactorily, we suppose. But it is a pity that the troops could not control them- selves right up to the end, and it only shews that although they can be kept in order on occasions, there are other times when discipline is thrown aside alto- gether and blind fury and revenge,, or perhaps a thievish and plundering propensity only, seizes them. It is difficult to place ourselves in their position 窶 allowances cannot well be made under any circumstances 窶 but Chinese troops have their feelings like every one else, and we can readily imagine that, after being defeated and driven back towards Liangkah and held in check for so many months, they, on revisiting Kelung and finding two-thirds if not three-fourths of the native city des- troyed by shot, shell, and fire, felt in anything but an amicable frame of mind.
報復とは甘い言葉だが、費用に値する喜びだろうか?
We have been informed by three foreigners who have visited Kelung lately^ 窶 one previous to, and the other two subsequent to, the evacuation 窶 that the town was in ruins, only a few houses remaining intact, said houses having been used by the French as hospitals, &c. Everyone who has been to Kelung states that the foreign houses occupied by the French for so many months, and used probably as hospitals, were found to be in a most filthy, dirty, pestilential state. We have it from very good authority that the Customs dwellings. whieli were occupied by the troops or invalids, as well also as Messrs. Lapraik & Co.'s house, were in such a state that you could scarcely enter the rooms for the stench. Chinese servants engaged in cleaning the houses out suffered most, and after two days' cleansing and washing the stench was still so abominable that it was impossible to live there without feeling at all times an inclination to vomit. Chairs, tables, &e., were pitched into sea water and allowed to soak for two days. When the Chinese soldiers entered the foreign built dwellings they found bath tubs full of filth, apparently never used excepting as dust pans. Instead of carrying them off the Chinese soldiers broke them. One gentleman in charge of a looted foreign house writes to me a week after the evacuation that the stench is so awful inside the house still that he is obliged to mess and sleep in the verandah. The houses occupied by the French wounded are said to have been found to be in such a filthy state as to cause even Kelung natives to complain.
It appears that Palm islanders were not disturbed.
The natives were made to work, but were otherwise unmolested.
Palm島と基隆の占領も前には清人の飼う犬は外国人には決して馴れなかった。
しかし現在は外人を見るや近寄り、尾を大きく振り、目も優しくなる。
犬たちはフランス人のペットになり、捨てられ、食べ物を探して通りをうろつくようになった。
ヤギも同様で、清当局からヤギも外国人を恐れなくなったと聞いた。
Palm島住民は多くのフランス単語を覚え、完璧なアクセントのフランス語でMonsieurと呼びかける者もいる。
ゲール人が肩をすくめるしぐさ付きで。
1885/7/2-3
Frightfully hot lots of rain then sun and steam. Barometer threatening typhoon, high set showing 30 degrees.
All passed over. Heavy blows somewhere. Weather cooler, but feverish.
We have not for years experienced such unhealthy weather as during the past fortnight.
1885/7/4-5
たくさん雨が降り涼しくなった。
蒸気船Lee-yuenが基隆に到着し、淡水に5日にまわってきた。
清人囚人を受け取りに膨湖島に行く。
ここには8人のフランス人囚人がおり、間もなく送られる。
The services of one of them will,we hear, be retained. The Chinese pay prisoners and deserters well, and they are allowed to walk out at Twa-tutia on the green, but are forbidden to go to Banca. They are in charge of an American in the Chinese Army. Amatista leave to-day.
1885/7/6 淡水
More rain and much cooler in the afternoon. Theimometer 85 degrees. Kelung is not settling down quickly; only a few people have returned so far. Money is very scarce ; in fact, shopkeepers who lived in decent sized brick and stone buildings come back to a heap of ruins. A few are erecting temporary quarters of bamboo and grass. There never was much capital in Kelung (excepting in the shape of bricks and mor- tar), most of which was sunk several generations ago. The present generation found everything ready made, in the shape of houses and shops, and came in for them as a matter of course, the generality of people lived from hand to mouth, and if the wolf came to the door, they had perhaps their patch of paddy land or small in- terest in coal fields or coal boats to fall back on, daily laliour, however, being their principal capital. Houses and boats and mines all being knocked on the head, they have nothing much left. We speak of course of the shopkeeper and especially of the coolie class. The latter depended entirely on the land carriage of inland or marine produce, of coals, &c., coolie t'aos or head proprietors of chairs or boats occupying an analogous position with the proprietors of cabs and busses at home. The business of the headmen having been upset, the dependent coolies have no one to. look to in slack times, the account current suddenly closes and starva- tion or change of locality and occupation becomes ne- cessary. Many of the younger inhabitants of Kelung perhaps took to arms and assisted in more than harass- ing the French, and having no home now to return to, may change the course of their original career and be lost to the Kelung labour market. It is said the great Chinese Mandarin Wang, a high Civil Commissioner from Peking a man said to hold superior rank to the great Liu Ming-chuan, is all in favour of resuscitating the former grandeur (?) of the town of Kelung, and we understand that certain Govern- ment assistance in the shape of coin (though the sum named is small) will be given to townspeople in distress in order to enable them to hold on to their ruined pos- sessions until they can start again in a small way. Fancy Taipingshan in Hongkong being levelled to the ground, and then a dole of $10 only being presented to the owners of decent-sized houses ! Would Taipingshan thereupon rise from the ashes like a Phoenix and rapidly resume its former splendour and gigantic proportions ? Taipingshan and the hundred thousand, say, of inhabi- tants there would have to disperse themselves and find out fresh hunting grounds or starve, unless state assist- ance was given to a large extent. And although the population of Kelung and adjacent villages may not be more than 10,000 at most (ten thousand,) something more than a paltry pittance will have to be advanced by Go- vernment in order to restore the town to its pristine glory and former dirty state, and to induce the remnant of the population to return to the place and resume their ordinary pursuits.
もし自由な進歩がなければ基隆はジャンク船貿易・漁業・狭い農地での農業に頼る貧しい村になってしまうだろう。
地場の石炭採掘が援助なしで未だ再開されていないが、この事業は貿易の最も重要な位置を占めるので努力が必要だ。
石炭船は大半が破壊されているが、必要な収入源なので船主に新造させなければならない。
ジャンクには石炭粉を積んでいるが、未だ外国商船は港再開しても到着していない。
基隆の復興と貿易の責任者"Wang"は為すべきことが山積みで、行政組織が再編され、新しい機械が導入され
でも貿易が元通りになるまでどれだけかかるんだ?
Soon after ten p.m. to-day we experienced a smart shock of an earthquake, lasting only a few seconds, direction N.E. and and S.W.
1885/7/7-9
Very hot again, especially to-day (9th). Strong S.W. breeze blowing with therm. 86 degrees in the shade in morning ; at 4 p.m. 92.
多数の発熱・悪寒・コレラが発生している。 大きな町では毎年7,8月になるとローカルにコレラが発生し死者が出る。
未熟な桃・酸っぱいプラム・未熟のマンゴが町の通りに山のように積まれる。
A drouglit makes things worse, and many succumb from the eflFects of malarial fever. The rain we have had lately improved the health of the neighbourhood considerably.
1885/7/10-11
10日は強い南西の風。夕方には納まる。
Fokienと古い蒸気船Volunteerが港にいる。 Volunteerは1864年から淡水への商船として使われている。
     それ以前は軍艦だったということ
1885/7/11-12 大稲土呈
Very hot days, and a continuation of Joss pidgin of a special kind, including religious proeessions by torch light at night, discharges of matchlocks and dea- fening sounds of gongs to be heard day and night, and long strings of men in all sorts of garbs, some got up like devils, others like giants. Amongst the crowd pass- ing on its way to and from Banca are men and boys to be seen standing at the back of chairs containing Josses carried on men's shoulders. They seem to have a stolid and fixed look, and their attitude is rigid. They stand in a sort of theatrical position, head erect, eyes glaring and fixed, chest thrown out, small of the back arched, legs well apart, rigid and firmly planted on the wooden supports. The attitude must be considered the correct one as it is assumed by all the performers. It would appear that these men who go in for this sort of exhibition were under some sort of influence, either stupefying or stultifying. The general idea is that they are possessed temporarily by a spirit or devil and that some of them possess the power of prophesying, &c. They certainly seem impervious to pain, for many of them are gashed about the face and body and are covered with blood ; others have pieces of sharp bamboo stuck through their cheeks. There is a great deal of sickness in the town, and these processions and cere- monies are supposed to drive away the evil spirits, thought to be the cause of sickness and death.
      多分七夕の行事を詳しく説明しています。
1885/7/13-16
Very hot days. Never under 91 degrees in shade. Barometer falling. Something brewing.
1885/7/17
Towards evening it blew hard and rained heavily. Bar. 30.90.
1885/7/18
東から北の強い風、正午には北北西の風。気圧は29.9に降下した。
午後には気圧は29.89に達し、風は南西の強い風。
雨は一日中降っている。水面は簡単に草を覆い、河面から10フィートに達した。
午後3時にはさらに10フィート高くなり清人や在住商館の多くも水に浸かった。
クラブClub(どこを指すか?)と1,2軒の商館は3フィートも浸かった。
萬華平野も同様に常水位から24フィートもが上昇した。
午後9時になって雨風はやみ、水位は素早く低下した。
大稲土呈では竹や草葺きの家々が流され、いくらかの命もなくなった。
蒸気船Hailoongは水流で座礁したと聞いたが本当かどうかわからない。

1885/7/19
膨大な漂流物が残り、多くの建物にダメージが出た。
悲惨なことは貧乏人に及んだ、彼らの家が水に流されたのだ。
生ぬるい湿った不健康な水があたりを覆っていたが、洪水は町の下水を押し流し、地域を健康的にするだろう。
Hailoongは無事で午後3時にアモイに向け出航した。
基隆では伝染病が流行し、毎日30人以上の兵隊が死んでいるとのこと。
●●●●●●●●● この日が最後の記述です ●●●●●●●●●
      砲撃・封鎖・略奪、そのあとは洪水。
      Doddは淡々と書いています。
      結局彼ら英国人が損害賠償を勝ち取ったのかどうかはわかりません。
      少なくとも、Mackayの長老派教会が清から賠償してもらったのは明らかです。
      個人の私有財産については否定的な気がします。(根拠はないですが)
      彼が戦後の清兵の行いに落胆して商売を辞めた、などありえない話でしょう。
      30年も淡水で商売をしてきた筋金入りの英国商人が、そんな甘っちょろいことをするはずがありません。
      Doddがウーロン茶で成功した裏にはJardine Mathesonと結託して独占したくらいですから。
      戦後5年経って帰国した理由がどうしても推測できません。
      長年のつきあいからMackayはその理由を知っていたはずですが、日記には書き残していません。
      日記にも書けないような理由だったのか、Mackayにも話せない理由だったのか。


ここで、登場人物の写真をもう一度並べてみましょう。
 John Dodd

 劉銘傳巡撫

 Courbet提督

 Lespes提督

 馬偕博士

 孫開華将軍


英国淡水領事館初代領事Fraterの写真を探したのですが、どうにも見つかりません。
彼の残した文書の一部がココ漁人碼頭的戰爭にあります。
   このページではFraterが7月1日に氏名不詳の高官に送った報告書が紹介されています。
                  (多分高雄駐在英国領事か)
                     大英帝国領事館
                     淡水, 1885/7/1
      拝啓
      北台湾の状況報告を先月20日にしましたが、その後の進展をお知らせします。
      そのうちのいくらかは既に私信でお知らせしたものです。(つまりこれは公文書)
      清陸軍の砲兵に従事していた英国人 Purseは6月26日に大陸本土に追放されました。
      彼の振る舞いが悪かったので劉銘傳は喜んでいます。
      フランス軍に従事していた英国人水先案内人 Bentleyはフランスの撤退とともに英国に戻りました。
      フランス軍からの脱走者8名は26日にFokienで香港に送られました。
      劉銘傳は彼らにそれぞれ$100(船賃$25を含む)に贈りました。
      清にはまだ7人が残されています。1人は演習指導者として雇用され、残りはLuscher医師の助手
      をしています。劉銘傳は彼を迎えて軍病院を建てる予定です。
       [Note: Luscherは軍外科医として劉銘傳が雇ったものです]
      広東の米国ミッション系病院で働いていたのを雇われたもので
      1885年5月10日〜1886年9月まで勤務し再び広東に戻っています。
      台湾の軍病院は彼の帰ったあと閉鎖されています。

      フランス軍が基隆を撤退したあと、多くの住民の家がフランスによって破壊されたと聞いて
      劉銘傳はCompassionate Committee援護会に指示して彼らだけでなく家族を殺された人々にも
      資金を分配させました。
      6月24日の声明では20日以内に申請することを求めています。(損害賠償請求のことか?)
      同日の公示で2人の清帝国高官 劉銘傳とYang Yo-jun(揚岳賦?) が基隆に清人が戻るよう招き
      フランスの通訳として働いていた者には恩赦を与え、傷つけられたり殺されないようにしました。
      フランス撤退まもなくの夜、かれらの墓地は攻撃され石碑や木製十字架が投げ捨てられました。
      14日にたまたま劉銘傳に会ったとき、この狼藉を説明し、フランスがこれを聞けば怒るだろうと伝え
      修復することをアドバイスしたのです。彼は既に聞いており、保護する石板を切り出す命令を出し
      その文書を私に見せてくれました。
      また、墓石を立て起こす指示もしたとのこと。このことを私が聞いているかどうか質問してきました。
      私は知らないとだけ返事しました。
      修復は18日に始まり、そのために兵隊が雇われました。ところが夜に再び墓石は倒されました。
      26,27日には私は基隆におり、墓地を訪問すると石板はなく、紙の上に置いた形跡もありません。
      2,3の墓碑はかなり美しいものですが、上部が破壊されているのは悲しいことです。
      木十字架の多くは取り除かれその跡に細い竹が差してありました。
      7月2日に商船Foochowが守備隊の一部を淡水から台湾府に連れていきました。
      Hillmenの一部は既に解隊されています。混乱を避けるため彼らは丘に身をひそめ
      給料が支払われるのを待っています。
      孫将軍は住まいを25日に萬華に移しました。(これまでは淡水と滬尾の間だった)
      淡水の軍の一部はKantowに移っています。
      港口に沈められた機雷の多くは撤去されましたが、3,4個は発見できませんでした。
      地雷も同様に掘り出されました。水中の電線はかなり損傷しております。
      沈められたジャンクは撤去されてはいませんが艦船の通り道にはあまりないようです。
            [ 一部省略 ]
      フランス軍の膨湖島撤退が遅れているのをいぶかしんだ劉銘傳は呉将軍を
      軍艦Wan Nin Chingで14日に派遣し遅れの理由を調べさせました。
      艦は26日に戻り、艦長によると、Lespes提督はフランスの大臣からの手紙を待っていると。
      Wan Nin Chingが馬公にいるときにその手紙が届き、撤退はすぐに開始しました。
      行方不明な機雷を探すため1隻のフランス艦が残されました。
      Wan Nin Chingは台湾府の頭大を連れて淡水に戻ってきました。
      彼はこの地域での例年の試験を監督するものです。
            [ 一部省略 ]
      教会聖堂の損害賠償の件は開始しました。Mackay博士は当局者と一緒に各教会を訪問しました。
      Paksa岬にあったDouglas Lapraik Co.の蒸気船破壊についての賠償支払いは近隣住民代表から申し出がありました。
      これらの賠償案件については別途報告します。
      Sir William Dowell提督が H.M.S. S'Andrewsに乗って淡水に18日にやってきました。
                           あなたの忠実なる僕,
                           (Signed) A Frater 領事
Doddの文章には含まれていない内容が示されています。

さらに彼Frater領事の経歴がココ Tako Clubにありますが、セキュリティ上で問題になるかも知れないので開くのは注意してください。
和訳表示してから原文をポップアップするまだるっこしい方法でどうぞ。
    高雄での代理領事から1877年に淡水領事になった。
    封鎖時には彼Alexander Fraterと 妻Jessie Fraterの2人がいた。
    1888年から1892年までSwatow領事、その後帰国した。
    1893年に漢口領事に任命されるが着任前にAbardeenで死亡。53歳。
    妻Jessie Waker Fraterは1937年にEdinburghで死亡。88歳。子供はいない。
    (AberdeenもEdinburghもスコットランドにあります。ここでもスコットランド)




Doddと対比すべく、Jardine Mathesonを調べていてこんな本を見つけました。 「An Account of Missionary Success in the island of Formosa」
1650年にロンドンで出版されたものを1889年に付録を追加して復刻されたものです。
米国Princeton大学のアーカイブで公開されています。
台湾府(台南)に派遣された英国長老派教会伝道師の記録です。
献辞には
TO
HUGH M.MATHESON, Esq.
of Heathlands
A SUCCOURER OF MANY
These pages are
respectfully inscribed.



米国代理領事James Davidsonの本を見つけました。
「The Island of Formosa  Past and Present」
ニューヨークで1903年に出版された本で、California大学のアーカイブで公開されています。
献辞には
TO
THE MEMORY OF
MY FATHER

Wikiにある彼の経歴は
  1893年にDavidsonはグリーンランド探検に Peary隊に参加し、北極へのルート探索をした。
  1895年には台湾に旅行し従軍記者として清朝から日本への移行を報告し
  また1895年発足した台湾民主国から日本による占領までの期間の反抗を目撃した。
  1895年には台湾首都攻略する日本陸軍への業務に対して旭日賞を天皇より授与されている。
  日本が島内を掌握したのち、彼は淡水で貿易商になる。
  1897年に米国クリーブランド大統領より台湾の代理領事を任命され、9年間従事した。
  この間、台湾のものごとについて多数の論文を発表している。

上記著書の中に、北台湾で砲撃を目撃した在住外国人のリストがあります。
   英国領事館  A.Frater領事
          Mrs.Frater
          P.W.Peterson保安
   清国税関   E.Farrago
          C.S.Taylor
          W.Brennan
          W.G.Harling
          R.Mcgregor
          H.T.Wavell
          J.H.Montell
          J.G.Freeth
          G.H.Himmell and Messrs.Brownlow and Grant
   商社     Grant Scott of Boyd & Co.
          John Dodd, E.P.Skrimshire, A.E.Hubbard of Dodd & Co.
          W.Christy of Dougras Laplaik & Co.
          C.H.Best of Tait & Co.
   他      Rev.G.L.Mackay, Rev.J.Jamieson and Mrs.Jamieson of Canadian Mission
          C.H.Johanson Foreign commnunity doctor
          Albert Sutlife American Correspondent
この中には自分自身の名前がありません。彼は記者として日本におり、台湾に派遣されるのは封鎖解除後だからです。